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Soyuz TMA

IOC: 26 April 2003
First Flight: 30 October 2002
Total Production: 21
Also Known As: Progress, Soyuz 7K-L3, Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz 7K-T, Soyuz 7K-TM, Soyuz A, Soyuz T and Soyuz TM

Origin: Russia

Contractor/s: SP Korolev RSC Energia

Description: The Soyuz is a family of modular, expendable, spacecraft designed by the Korolyov design bureau, now called SP Korolev RSC Energia, for the former Soviet Union within its space program. It was developed in the 1960s as a replacement for the Voskhod spacecraft. The Soyuz spacecrafts are launched by the extremely reliable Soyuz family of space launch systems. The first unmanned mission was launched on November 28, 1966. Soyuz 1 was the first manned mission launched on April 23, 1967, and resulted with the single pilot dying during the landing. It was followed by Soyuz 2 unmanned mission and Soyuz 3 manned mission on October 26, 1968, which was the first successful mission carried out by the Soyuz spaceship. The Progress spacecraft are unmanned versions of the Soyuz used to service only cargo to space stations.

The first version called Soyuz A was introduced in 1963. Soyuz 7K-OK was the first operational spacecraft from 1967 to 1971. Soyuz 7K-L3 was intended to orbit the moon but did not enter active service. Soyuz 7K-T was operational between 1973 and 1981 with the Soyuz 7K-TM being only operational in 1975. The Soyuz T was operational between 1976 and 1986 being succeeded by the Soyuz TM between 1986 and 2002. The Soyuz TMA was introduced in 2003 and has been operational until present day. Soyuz spacecraft were used to carry cosmonauts to and from Salyut and later Mir Soviet space stations and other missions in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Currently, these spacecrafts are used for transport to and from the International Space Station (ISS) with one of those vehicles docked at all times for a period of up to six months to be used as escape craft in the event of an emergency.

The Soyuz TMA manned transport spacecraft derived from the Soyuz TM in accordance with intergovernmental agreements between Russia and the United States of America (USA). It is an integral part of the Orbital International Space Station (ISS) Complex providing rescue of the main crew of the station and delivering special visiting crews of up to three-man and small cargoes. Besides, Soyuz TMA spacecraft is also used for disposal of wastes from the station which are burned down in the atmosphere during descent. It is launched using the Soyuz FG rocket. As of August 2010, the Soyuz TMA program has involved 19 spacecrafts with the first 10-day mission test launch Soyuz TMA-1 on October 30, 2002, followed by the first flight mission by Soyuz TMA-2 on April 26, 2003.

The Soyuz spacecraft consists of three modules: orbital module, descent module, and service module. The orbital module at the forefront of the spacecraft is designed to accommodate the crew during their mission in orbit. The descent module in the inner position is also habitable and is equipped with a heat shield, brake and main parachutes along with solid-fuel braking engines mounted behind the heat shield that ignite at 1 meter above the ground to accomplish the spacecraft's landing. The service module contains the engines, solar panels and instruments. Both the orbital and service modules are destroyed during the re-entry into the atmosphere.

Parent system is the Soyuz
IOC: 26 October 1968
First Flight: 28 November 1966
Other Family Members: Soyuz TMA-M

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:: Specifications ::


Crew: 3

Dimensions
Diameter: 2.72 meter
Length: 6.98 meter (22.9 foot)
Solar Panel Span: 10.7 meter

Performance
Cabin Width: 2.20 meter
Orbit: 460 kilometer (286 mile)

Time
Mission Endurance: 200 day
Service Life: 200 day

Weight
Max Landing Weight: 2,900 kilogram
Max Takeoff Weight: 7,220 kilogram (15,917 pound)
Payload: 100 kilogram

:: News ::

There is 1 news on
21 Sep 2010

:: Operators ::

Operators
  Country   Items   Country   Items
  Russia 21        

 

fully confirmed operational planned retired cancelled destroyed    

:: Ship Listing ::

Ship Listing
  Serial Ship's Name Flag   Keel Laying Launch Date Commissioning Decommissioning
    Soyuz TMA-1 - - 30 October 2002 10 November 2002
    Soyuz TMA-2 - - 26 April 2003 28 October 2003
    Soyuz TMA-3 - - 18 October 2003 30 April 2004
    Soyuz TMA-4 - - 19 April 2004 24 October 2004
    Soyuz TMA-5 - - 14 October 2004 25 April 2005
    Soyuz TMA-6 - - 15 April 2005 11 October 2005
    Soyuz TMA-7 - - 1 October 2005 9 April 2006
    Soyuz TMA-8 - - 30 March 2006 29 September 2006
    Soyuz TMA-9 - - 18 September 2006 21 April 2007
    Soyuz TMA-10 - - 7 April 2007 21 October 2007
    Soyuz TMA-11 - - 10 October 2007 19 April 2008
    Soyuz TMA-12 - - 8 April 2008 24 October 2008
    Soyuz TMA-13 - - 12 October 2008 8 April 2009
    Soyuz TMA-14 - - 26 March 2009 11 October 2009
    Soyuz TMA-15 - - 27 May 2009 1 December 2009
    Soyuz TMA-16 - - 30 September 2009 18 March 2010
    Soyuz TMA-17 - - 21 December 2009 2 June 2010
    Soyuz TMA-18 - - 2 April 2010 25 September 2010
    Soyuz TMA-19 - - 16 June 2010 26 November 2010
    Soyuz TMA-20 - - 15 December 2010 -
    Soyuz TMA-21 Gagarin - - 5 April 2011 -

:: Image Gallery ::

There are 6 images added on
21 Aug 2010

:: Notes & Resources ::

Soyuz TMA

 

Last Updated:
Saturday, February 2, 2013
(*) lead contractor

IOC: Initial Operating Capability
FOC: Full Operating Capability
CEP: Circular Error Probable
Comm: Commissioning Date
Meters (m)   Kilometers (km)   Nautic Miles (nm)   Inch (in)   Yard (yd)   Foot (ft)   Millimeter (mm)
Pound (lb)   Kilogram (kg)   kN (KiloNewton)   Ton (t)
Meters per Second (mps)   Kilometers per Hour (kph)   Knot (kt)   Miles per Hour (mph)
Liter (l)   Galon (gl)
Year (yr)   Minutes (min)   Second (sec)
Shaft-Horse-Power (shp)

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